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With the most common trees inhabiting Edmonton being of the deciduous variety, trees that shed their leaves annually, there are many diseases that can prevent healthy growth and possibly cause the death of a tree. Understanding these diseases, and how to prevent them, will better enhance the chances of keeping the trees of Edmonton strong, safe, and healthy.
Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch Elm disease spreads due to a fungus that produces toxins within the tree causing the inability for water to travel into the crown. Water is an essential puzzle piece in a tree’s lifecycle. And, without an adequate supply to the crown, the tree will eventually wilt and die. This disease is spread by elm bark beetles that lay eggs within infected elms. Once the eggs hatch, those beetles can then distribute the disease to healthier elms. The best measures to take if a tree is infected with Dutch Elm are spread prevention, or to possibly remove the infected area. Being able to remove an infected area entirely is quite uncommon, but some circumstances may allow it. The best solution is to remove any infected elms from the area to better the chances of not spreading the disease to healthier elms. Planting elms with adequate distance is another good measure in preventing a spread of the fungus, whereas elms planted too close together can infect each other through grafting root systems.
Black Knot
Another fungal disease that may affect Edmonton trees is black knot, which is caused by the fungus Apiosporina morbosa. Not only can it affect the appearance of black cherry trees and apricot trees, it can also lead to their eventual death. When identifying black knot on a cherry or apricot variety, one would find black swelling spots on its branches. For control, pruning infected areas during the colder months while trees are dormant is recommended. If there are infected areas in the trunk, cutting out infected wood and destroying it to prevent spread is a necessary step in saving the life of the tree and those surrounding it.
Oak Wilt
For oak trees, oak wilt is a common disease in Edmonton that should be prevented with frequent examination of the tree. It is caused and spread by infected beetles that burrow in, causing leaf discoloration and wilting. A trained arborist is usually best at detecting this type of disease, as examination must be done close up.
These most common diseases of Edmonton can hinder the growth and stability of trees. Prevention of spread, early diagnosis, and removal of any infected areas are the best options in protecting them. If unsure of a tree’s condition, it is best to contact a local arborist.